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Adeli suit
The ADELI Suit was originally designed for the Russian space program in 1971. The purpose then was to give the cosmonauts in space a way to counter the effects of long-term weightlessness on the body. The suit is currently used to treat children with physical disabilities resulting from cerebral palsy, other neurological conditions originating from brain damage or spinal cord injury.
==Historical Background – Space Race==
The Cold War and the Space Race between USA and the Soviet Union was taken to another level in the 1960s and 1970s – succeeding over one another in space travelling. Several efforts to bring a life form – before sending a human to space - were undertaken by both, particularly with some dogs by the Soviets and chimps by the US (dogs Laika in November 1957 and then Belka and Strelka on Russian Sputnik 5 in August 1960 and Ham the Chimp or Enos the chimp in January and November 1961, respectively, on US Mercury capsules. The Soviets were generally ahead of the US until the late 1960s (first satellite, first animal in space, first lunar flyby, first human object to reach lunar surface, first pictures of the far side of the moon, first human in space, first woman in space),〔http://www.thespacerace.com/timeline/〕 having a gigantic military complex and investing enormous amounts in R&D of space traveling.
The first manned space trips counted only for hours, maybe days. Large problem the industry was facing, was that no matter how well prepared physically the cosmonauts (USSR) and the astronauts (USA) for the trip, even a short stay in space had a massive negative influence on their health.〔http://triplehelixblog.com/2012/04/biological-and-psychological-effects-of-human-space-flight/〕 The conditions of weightlessness (antigravity) and hypokinesia (lack of movement) caused immediate retardation of the whole body and motor system of the space traveler – muscles, bones, peripheral and Central Nervous Systems degenerated within several hours to a large extent.〔http://library.thinkquest.org/03oct/02144/text/travel/body.htm〕 Upon return to Earth, the astronauts had to readjust to Earth’s gravity and experienced problems standing up, stabilizing their gaze, walking and turning. These disturbances are more profound as the length of microgravity exposure increases.〔http://www.nsbri.org/DISCOVERIES-FOR-SPACE-and-EARTH/The-Body-in-Space/〕 These symptoms are very similar to those experienced by people with a mechanic damage of the brain and motor system. Often, astronauts needed a long-term intensive rehabilitation to get back in shape. The Soviets, however, did find a solution for cosmonauts to stay fit for months in space, contrary to the US, which had to return their astronauts only after a couple of days.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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